Clinical Trials
Understanding clinical trials, how to find them, and questions to ask.
Clinical trials are research studies that test new treatments in people. They are a critical part of how cancer medicine advances and can provide access to cutting-edge therapies before they're widely available.
Clinical trials are not a "last resort." Many offer first-line treatments that may be better than the current standard of care. Ask your oncologist about trials at every stage of your treatment.
What Are Clinical Trials?
Clinical trials test new approaches to cancer prevention, detection, and treatment. They follow strict protocols and are overseen by safety boards to protect participants.
Phase I
Tests safety and dosage in a small group (20-80 people)
Phase II
Tests effectiveness and side effects (100-300 people)
Phase III
Compares new treatment to the current standard (1,000-3,000 people)
Phase IV
Post-approval studies monitoring long-term effects
How to Find Trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
The most comprehensive database of clinical trials worldwide. Search by condition, location, and status.
National Cancer Institute Trial Search
NCI-supported trials searchable by cancer type, stage, and location.
EmergingMed
Free clinical trial matching service for cancer patients.
Questions to Ask About Trials
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
- 1What is the purpose of this trial?
- 2What phase is the trial in?
- 3What treatment will I receive?
- 4How is this different from my current treatment options?
- 5What are the potential risks and benefits?
- 6Will I have to pay for any part of the trial?
- 7How will the trial affect my daily life?
- 8What happens if the treatment doesn't work?
- 9Can I leave the trial if I change my mind?
Common Concerns
Am I just a guinea pig?
No. Clinical trials have extensive safety protocols and ethics oversight. You can leave at any time.
Will I get a placebo?
In cancer trials, placebos are rarely used alone. If a standard treatment exists, the control group typically receives it. You'll be told beforehand if a placebo is involved.
Can my insurance cover it?
Many trial-related costs are covered by the study sponsor. Your insurance typically covers routine medical costs. Ask the trial coordinator for specifics.
Do I qualify?
Each trial has eligibility criteria. Don't self-select out — ask your doctor or the trial team.